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Spring Boot JWE Authentication with JPA

PublishedMay 11, 2025
UpdatedMay 12, 2025
Reading time4 min read
JavaKotlinSpring BootSecurityJWTJWEJPA
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Spring Boot JWE Authentication with JPA

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Spring Boot lets you use stateless encrypted JWTs (JWE) to secure your APIs, while persisting user identities and roles in a JPA-backed database.


Last updatedMay 12, 2025

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Şuayb Şimşek

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🌟 Why Use JWE + JPA Authentication?

In this section, we clarify Why Use JWE + JPA Authentication? and summarize the key points you will apply in implementation.

  • Stateless Security: Tokens are self-contained and require no server-side storage.
  • Integrity: Signed tokens ensure tamper evidence.
  • Confidentiality: Encrypted JWTs hide sensitive claims.
  • User Management: Persist and manage users and roles via familiar JPA repositories.
  • Standards-based: Leverage JOSE, Spring Security, and Spring Data JPA.
  • Scalable: Scale horizontally without session replication or sticky sessions.

📋 Prerequisites

In this section, we clarify Prerequisites and summarize the key points you will apply in implementation.

  • ☕ Java Development Kit (JDK) 17 or higher
  • 📦 Spring Boot 3.2+
  • 🔤 IDE (IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse)
  • 🛢️ PostgreSQL (or H2 for dev)

🛠️ Step 1: Add Dependencies

Include these in your pom.xml or build.gradle file.

Maven:

XMLpom.xml
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2-resource-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.liquibase</groupId>
  <artifactId>liquibase-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
  <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
  <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
  <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
  <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

Gradle:

GROOVYbuild.gradle
implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
implementation 'org.springframework.security:spring-security-oauth2-resource-server'
implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa'
implementation 'org.liquibase:liquibase-core'
compileOnly 'org.projectlombok:lombok'
runtimeOnly 'com.h2database:h2'

🛠️ Step 2: Configuration Files

In this section, we define all of the application- and database-level configuration files required to wire up our Spring Boot app with H2/PostgreSQL, JPA, Liquibase changelogs, initial data loads, and JWE key properties.

  • application.yml Holds Spring datasource, H2 console, JPA/Hibernate, Liquibase changelog path, and all JWT/JWE key, issuer, and expiration settings.

  • db/master.xml The Liquibase master changelog, with includes and DBMS-specific properties for H2 and PostgreSQL.

  • db/changelog/changelog-user.xml Your core schema changelog defining user_identity, authority, and user_authority_mapping tables, indexes, FKs, and initial <loadData> steps.

  • db/data/user.csv Initial user records (UUID, username, bcrypt-hashed password, email, enabled flag, timestamps, auditor).

  • db/data/authority.csv Initial authority records (UUID, name, description, timestamps, auditor).

  • db/data/user_authority_mapping.csv Initial mapping of users ↔ authorities (composite PK, timestamps, auditor).

application.yml

YAMLapplication.yml
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:h2:mem:testdb;MODE=PostgreSQL;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE
    driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver
    username: sa
    password: password
  h2:
    console:
      enabled: true
  jpa:
    open-in-view: false
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: none
    show-sql: true
    properties:
      hibernate.format_sql: true
  liquibase:
    change-log: classpath:db/master.xml
security:
  admin:
    username: admin
    password: adminpass
  user:
    username: user
    password: userpass
  jwt:
    issuer: demo-issuer
    expiration-duration: 3600s
    signing:
      key-id: signing-key
      public-key: |-
        -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
        MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAjZEcz5itWkDGOSqZdB5P
        JE0ccOCckskp0hN3kQbT1qnv+9/k66jlWgVi4HSTppwdNF/Ylu5u541Qj+Okyg+u
        8o2PvKo5CfgvTDsFLTrZHUXU6hCSGatLAQoeN6lT8wzov2r4DFecXrIqcO6SvMB5
        ecPqsfiTi4trsNKgJ4cWS6gILH62ISd1ipUadfpnUzDMO1OulV0CJNV6bcBk7Es9
        RW6AHfg9j8osSanpwvRM4MJkB0SRxYUnrN9faGpkBZISZJ8TShhaTHEGfSNgKe5y
        8iu+AMGGZu8DYczVmqS3Ske1fq6y5HEGCma7Mo019GmwKeHBo1obuET6cZRygj4y
        twIDAQAB
        -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
      private-key: |-
        -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
        MIIEvAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKYwggSiAgEAAoIBAQCNkRzPmK1aQMY5
        Kpl0Hk8kTRxw4JySySnSE3eRBtPWqe/73+TrqOVaBWLgdJOmnB00X9iW7m7njVCP
        46TKD67yjY+8qjkJ+C9MOwUtOtkdRdTqEJIZq0sBCh43qVPzDOi/avgMV5xesipw
        7pK8wHl5w+qx+JOLi2uw0qAnhxZLqAgsfrYhJ3WKlRp1+mdTMMw7U66VXQIk1Xpt
        wGTsSz1FboAd+D2PyixJqenC9EzgwmQHRJHFhSes319oamQFkhJknxNKGFpMcQZ9
        I2Ap7nLyK74AwYZm7wNhzNWapLdKR7V+rrLkcQYKZrsyjTX0abAp4cGjWhu4RPpx
        lHKCPjK3AgMBAAECggEABMo/sNCIMREXA/EqjxDFecN4LmOTOK5A0YBiH9Cc01sd
        qSaavtSQqhqbjV+0bUNEA7UohXbc3s3bx3qa5VFhiIh8sBQMaQdyRkCK/MxMc16d
        BSx5XQ/8MjVO73A1zHgH2g47BWPjgRrDL94KrgNPOO0FoG76QxL9GlcOHzhFa1rf
        xbb2auLBtflKy+5TZNnB/sbFC9ISpWywzfblD2Fsvxupl0vNWtA0Y2rPbKMZRnY+
        V6NC38yxW3HHAdWQRYLGOitM59I0HBgnjQKzTBNIsjPnJA2BSZvMBtQ1e3RQV0qE
        8VVoktZ8A0KDUxqdKWYlGYAY5hIw1y3UUsPRUbS3fQKBgQDAZehu+Kb5Sw+h00Qu
        vViNHDvi0PwmhQrHVpgjrppCnWsTk6FJFm+EBLY+87usXuRCnfZ1semb6P+yjLh2
        bJ9IXIrFAztcyE+7eZfn0H7mHA7E2ICKTjNdKbjy8kHViHpgdXREnAOrFTTk/BqW
        dq+weG2OuxYczWsY4XliWaVyiwKBgQC8XYExpSmoyI37o+jr9405k30tbGUw4X+/
        xYOvSUuafI8IOSLfKTpsvkMN3hxpJO6apIRAjOALbotKUA5FrHQPenuBWOr3mBJT
        euLiaWphqU8YN5dbNd+JhC/Jh5DLhY5FpB2Fv2MKSoF7+onpjDy9pEU5aReeBB0v
        ekUw4nWiBQKBgHxyrnjxP1frFG5xMB4nfZqw04+v7BmiXsl3mqsh6kgCeNtN17pl
        17YGMjfgAdnJ+02XzW5tqRSfDp3YZgy7z//HVD+BCqnGK8SxLu/ULfD73xW2kNZl
        JNYzAZ2r06eiQr4X2x/x5nGIIxGmfDAtDxFPpFX5b6ErwgVy+sgCAoFnAoGAWSpu
        EMEdQk+FnnwNsz2g9YNSuyDXmdb08SOfXWd1yXBzCLJ7RmYuyPEbrsHYcxFPfZap
        ICFPoTm35/qTdvnWiskxE56yw3eSHUBLjF/YQtixn0YZeMy8v0z6jgyFR0I2gdLZ
        QsnBKUrxlm2XwR1oV2Eef7m2u085PZNEk4pvor0CgYA6n060r48/CgRVslAeGder
        fZ3n+2ru8q2UVB38evepjLifn5+tKdFzZ7/NckXMC0NOVzm74qG46VFLMw5TtyT4
        /hRvGSYxA6dMjXy+tcrAns9Isrz2PnYFntlbhU6hw0um809tFunbvITfyeOjAsDW
        stC4thnhzXXT1Y3RfFtYEg==
        -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
    encryption:
      key-id: encryption-key
      public-key: |-
        -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
        MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAtU7Vu4tML8qg9BISaUH0
        BTU0+qkHJS3TUl3R0hEPttZJGf8EgT7bpWqRjdhMC2SYt2ifNF82EgMo/eva1rLn
        wYtCsxjJ7oB4U2m16/JKHtphmMUGhSLgbp+Y8pGAQ+P6u4HLlI0qbL92Syb6QCTr
        nYIlzZ2uUAvUQg/SbuAvdS4kdauZtpMNbhryusMVvILVBC5yUhfLJAkjbU3qWo/n
        2NKPr4kjwwFh6FaAf0HLsXCFmJbPPok6WMZeDqPORPZCt5gU2t04fS7s/2SSbhQ/
        i+7yyT4pl44cUlNLLN3Qo73sai5H90q7Dvmk3M5/YMJB0Ueyb705LHyOO5xA618s
        qQIDAQAB
        -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
      private-key: |-
        -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
        MIIEvgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQC1TtW7i0wvyqD0
        EhJpQfQFNTT6qQclLdNSXdHSEQ+21kkZ/wSBPtulapGN2EwLZJi3aJ80XzYSAyj9
        69rWsufBi0KzGMnugHhTabXr8koe2mGYxQaFIuBun5jykYBD4/q7gcuUjSpsv3ZL
        JvpAJOudgiXNna5QC9RCD9Ju4C91LiR1q5m2kw1uGvK6wxW8gtUELnJSF8skCSNt
        Tepaj+fY0o+viSPDAWHoVoB/QcuxcIWYls8+iTpYxl4Oo85E9kK3mBTa3Th9Luz/
        ZJJuFD+L7vLJPimXjhxSU0ss3dCjvexqLkf3SrsO+aTczn9gwkHRR7JvvTksfI47
        nEDrXyypAgMBAAECggEAREnJHrY8n9OGA+e6n4KD0mJT7gUz98Dm0yMbIC/k50yW
        hAAVRkjSmd8lq3NIURI2ov342NTznJ0sF1d6OVtxBujY2nP/uqEQsPoj1xaO7Ef8
        cnnjFsooFgJurQ44bVm02mLstqrky8jhWTT5FKfTRqP6cRNu0B9kdu1WqQQvW8a/
        C8xD8XUFzzJFQsEstJ076NjlZNH3EeqFiLxyVdV7tPEJRnOe2V2BAAgda3ByA6Jc
        Nd4xYHTVr5rZ+KES9gaAgb86+S7hNigsxz5Gp58NimLEyz1Qd+d9QCgPRgKOV5Uq
        0ci6c28ZrxW9wa/2CGCpoow1V7hRy1fZ24g2Tz91cQKBgQDbSdP/FQYuem0pUf8u
        mA/niEC8Jz30FW3ix5aqbQ8YRudK48Xy8F7AWnlS0wT2k/Xaeppn9YSPK4HlsNk2
        1gnpNfzdqXpJQtuxcPPeFNzUdXzBrsLXYqtlhOX/afrzqMhp73gkqoxXtqwD7BqN
        VfMcVXsWrEZQrRPBn/RUnnLdJwKBgQDTqUGupm93UlhoPgLXHGF/seQwPPHcU6lS
        SS9l512Ie21B+vZecgO4r77BXJwbY4rZVA5/m+wrsNmsT2f8yfdbs84cBDDWiKy5
        t2Um8zrus+BCIffxc9Fck9/htK33jLLcYwdSAm3a9pJxR9f/kAdredSTGBNJ3W/2
        rfh3cdNprwKBgDi7WfBFRSsjGzi0cPth9cNlubGzyVBrdtlT34PJ4Tzboxz53o1i
        aHEFNxwZYdBVKSbTzzyUBS5xCBMfdKK+LyQ5hmjmXq+zb1jxqvXKmfMRTixhhSDp
        8wO5pTM1/Omqwea+QGvj/5j1tnzxSVFFajbrWoPcH/jhPho6wqBducPDAoGBALOJ
        MEOavZXy7TaO0w3v7uvH0wzvxR/kfw1jMqc3l2j7ePOskmoOQAXaXO3bRjcdOlua
        Jyoq8islOZ4lRMlx7zWD0OKG035GNGzbmRtu2aA8R48RDSVr3jyu2gqznZULbXPv
        M/hmQxSmbhVUoW0PmJubnaqfk0zmXeBaNRXsIS3VAoGBALdsAtqR23PVeL6sYj2l
        dRNTDXpfvjFqJ5NThRO/4mT0CrPHQVj+Mz2bTc/Dxiwi8s8m3L+g23i3hodh/QMb
        Iz+UbcJZBGAKsFbPKGOtj6Bi07y/L11mcuNJzOWe61/JbVmJss0s+N/v3XucK/Ge
        CUaGOccsMO221v6JoBh9J3Hz
        -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

master.xml

XMLmaster.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<databaseChangeLog
  xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="
      http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog
      http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-4.9.xsd">

  <!-- H2 defaults -->
  <property name="now" value="now()" dbms="h2"/>
  <property name="floatType" value="float4" dbms="h2"/>
  <property name="uuidType" value="uuid" dbms="h2"/>
  <property name="datetimeType" value="datetime(6)" dbms="h2"/>
  <property name="binaryType" value="LONGVARBINARY" dbms="h2"/>
  <property name="clobType" value="longvarchar" dbms="h2"/>
  <property name="blobType" value="blob" dbms="h2"/>

  <!-- PostgreSQL overrides -->
  <property name="now" value="current_timestamp" dbms="postgresql"/>
  <property name="floatType" value="float4" dbms="postgresql"/>
  <property name="uuidType" value="uuid" dbms="postgresql"/>
  <property name="datetimeType" value="datetime" dbms="postgresql"/>
  <property name="binaryType" value="BYTEA" dbms="postgresql"/>
  <property name="clobType" value="clob" dbms="postgresql"/>
  <property name="blobType" value="blob" dbms="postgresql"/>

  <!-- include the core auth changelog -->
  <include file="classpath:db/changelog/changelog-user.xml"/>

</databaseChangeLog>

changelog-user.xml

XMLchangelog-user.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<databaseChangeLog
  xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="
      http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog
      http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-4.9.xsd">

  <changeSet id="20250510-1" author="susimsek">
    <createTable tableName="user_identity">
      <column name="id" type="varchar(36)">
        <constraints primaryKey="true" primaryKeyName="pk_user_identity" nullable="false"/>
      </column>
      <column name="username" type="varchar(50)">
        <constraints nullable="false" unique="true"/>
      </column>
      <column name="password" type="varchar(100)">
        <constraints nullable="false"/>
      </column>
      <column name="email" type="varchar(100)">
        <constraints nullable="false" unique="true"/>
      </column>
      <column name="first_name" type="varchar(50)"/>
      <column name="last_name" type="varchar(50)"/>
      <column name="enabled" type="boolean">
        <constraints nullable="false"/>
      </column>
      <column name="created_at" type="datetime">
        <constraints nullable="false"/>
      </column>
      <column name="created_by" type="varchar(50)">
        <constraints nullable="false"/>
      </column>
      <column name="updated_at" type="datetime"/>
      <column name="updated_by" type="varchar(50)"/>
    </createTable>

    <createIndex indexName="idx_user_identity_username" tableName="user_identity">
      <column name="username"/>
    </createIndex>
    <createIndex indexName="idx_user_identity_email" tableName="user_identity">
      <column name="email"/>
    </createIndex>
  </changeSet>

  <changeSet id="20250510-2" author="susimsek">
    <createTable tableName="authority">
      <column name="id" type="varchar(36)">
        <constraints primaryKey="true" primaryKeyName="pk_authority" nullable="false"/>
      </column>
      <column name="name" type="varchar(50)">
        <constraints nullable="false" unique="true"/>
      </column>
      <column name="description" type="varchar(255)"/>
      <column name="created_at" type="datetime">
        <constraints nullable="false"/>
      </column>
      <column name="created_by" type="varchar(50)">
        <constraints nullable="false"/>
      </column>
      <column name="updated_at" type="datetime"/>
      <column name="updated_by" type="varchar(50)"/>
    </createTable>

    <createIndex indexName="idx_authority_name" tableName="authority">
      <column name="name"/>
    </createIndex>
  </changeSet>

  <changeSet id="20250510-3" author="susimsek">
    <createTable tableName="user_authority_mapping">
      <column name="user_id" type="varchar(36)">
        <constraints nullable="false"/>
      </column>
      <column name="authority_id" type="varchar(36)">
        <constraints nullable="false"/>
      </column>
      <column name="created_at" type="datetime">
        <constraints nullable="false"/>
      </column>
      <column name="created_by" type="varchar(50)">
        <constraints nullable="false"/>
      </column>
      <column name="updated_at" type="datetime"/>
      <column name="updated_by" type="varchar(50)"/>
    </createTable>

    <addPrimaryKey
      tableName="user_authority_mapping"
      columnNames="user_id, authority_id"
      constraintName="pk_user_authority_mapping"/>
  </changeSet>

  <changeSet id="20250510-4" author="susimsek">
    <addForeignKeyConstraint
      baseTableName="user_authority_mapping"
      baseColumnNames="user_id"
      constraintName="fk_user_authority_user"
      referencedTableName="user_identity"
      referencedColumnNames="id"/>
  </changeSet>

  <changeSet id="20250510-5" author="susimsek">
    <addForeignKeyConstraint
      baseTableName="user_authority_mapping"
      baseColumnNames="authority_id"
      constraintName="fk_user_authority_authority"
      referencedTableName="authority"
      referencedColumnNames="id"/>
  </changeSet>

  <changeSet id="20250510-1-data" author="susimsek">
    <loadData
      file="db/data/user.csv"
      separator=";"
      tableName="user_identity">
      <column name="id" type="string"/>
      <column name="username" type="string"/>
      <column name="password" type="string"/>
      <column name="email" type="string"/>
      <column name="first_name" type="string"/>
      <column name="last_name" type="string"/>
      <column name="enabled" type="boolean"/>
      <column name="created_at" type="datetime"/>
      <column name="created_by" type="string"/>
      <column name="updated_at" type="datetime"/>
      <column name="updated_by" type="string"/>
    </loadData>
  </changeSet>

  <changeSet id="20250510-2-data" author="susimsek">
    <loadData
      file="db/data/authority.csv"
      separator=";"
      tableName="authority">
      <column name="id" type="string"/>
      <column name="name" type="string"/>
      <column name="description" type="string"/>
      <column name="created_at" type="datetime"/>
      <column name="created_by" type="string"/>
      <column name="updated_at" type="datetime"/>
      <column name="updated_by" type="string"/>
    </loadData>
  </changeSet>

  <changeSet id="20250510-3-data" author="susimsek">
    <loadData
      file="db/data/user_authority_mapping.csv"
      separator=";"
      tableName="user_authority_mapping">
      <column name="user_id" type="string"/>
      <column name="authority_id" type="string"/>
      <column name="created_at" type="datetime"/>
      <column name="created_by" type="string"/>
      <column name="updated_at" type="datetime"/>
      <column name="updated_by" type="string"/>
    </loadData>
  </changeSet>

</databaseChangeLog>

user.csv

CSVuser.csv
id;username;password;email;first_name;last_name;enabled;created_at;created_by;updated_at;updated_by
a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890;admin;$2a$10$sva6wl8pmGKJE6NIWrxwcuJK1Jaa2I/LOI43iHVpbR4YB8KjGViiK;admin@example.com;Admin;User;true;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system
09876543-21fe-dcba-0987-654321fedcba;user;$2a$10$5Py4PyteLuXEqnGpSigzfu0V55C7Hi7zX18lmh.J8Bpmft.h23voG;user@example.com;Normal;User;true;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system

authority.csv

CSVauthority.csv
id;name;description;created_at;created_by;updated_at;updated_by
f47ac10b-58cc-4372-a567-0e02b2c3d479;ROLE_ADMIN;Administrator role;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system
9c858901-8a57-4791-81fe-4c455b099bc9;ROLE_USER;User role;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system

user_authority_mapping.csv

CSVuser_authority_mapping.csv
user_id;authority_id;created_at;created_by;updated_at;updated_by
a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890;9c858901-8a57-4791-81fe-4c455b099bc9;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system
a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890;f47ac10b-58cc-4372-a567-0e02b2c3d479;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system
09876543-21fe-dcba-0987-654321fedcba;9c858901-8a57-4791-81fe-4c455b099bc9;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system;2025-05-10 12:00:00;system

🛠️ Step 3: Security & Database Configuration

In this section, we define the beans and properties RSA keys, HTTP security filters, and JPA repository/auditing setup for JWE‑based authentication:

  • JwtProperties: Configures JWT issuer, expiration, and signing/encryption key pairs.
  • SecurityJwtConfig: Builds RSA JWKs, JWT encoder/decoder, authentication converter, and token resolver.
  • SecurityConfig: Integrates DomainUserDetailsService, configures authentication manager, password encoder, and stateless security filter chain with JWE support.
  • DatabaseConfig: Enables JPA repositories, auditing, and transaction management.

SecurityJwtConfig

SecurityConfig

JwtProperties

DatabaseConfig


🛠️ Step 4: JPA Integration

In this section, we define the JPA entities representing users, authorities, and their mappings, along with the Spring Data repository for loading users with their authorities.

  • BaseEntity: Abstract superclass providing audit fields (createdAt, createdBy, updatedAt, updatedBy).
  • Authority: authority table entity storing role data.
  • User: user_identity table entity storing user credentials and profile.
  • UserAuthorityMapping: user_authority_mapping join table entity linking users and authorities.
  • UserAuthorityMappingId: Composite key class for UserAuthorityMapping.
  • UserRepository: Spring Data JPA repository for User with an entity graph to load authorities.

BaseEntity

Authority

User

UserAuthorityMapping

UserAuthorityMappingId

UserRepository


🛠️ Step 5: Secure JWE Token Utilities

In this section, we define the core utility classes and constants needed to generate, encrypt, and resolve JSON Web Encryption (JWE) tokens in your Spring Boot application, integrate auditing, and implement a JPA-based user details service:

  • AuthoritiesConstants: Centralize role names with the ROLE_ prefix.
  • CookieBearerTokenResolver: Resolve bearer tokens from Authorization headers or HTTP cookies.
  • CookieUtils: Create HTTP-only, secure cookies for access tokens.
  • JweUtil: Sign (JWS) and encrypt (JWE) JWTs using RSA keys and Nimbus.
  • KeyUtils: Build RSA JWKs from PEM‐encoded key material.
  • SecurityUtils: Extract the current user’s login from the security context.
  • SpringSecurityAuditorAware: Implement AuditorAware to provide the current user for auditing.
  • DomainUserDetailsService: JPA-based UserDetailsService loading user and authorities for authentication.

These utilities form the foundation for a stateless, JWE‐based authentication flow in Spring Security.

AuthoritiesConstants

CookieBearerTokenResolver

CookieUtils

JweUtil

KeyUtils

SecurityUtils

DomainUserDetailsService

SpringSecurityAuditorAware


🛠️ Step 6: Authentication & Protected Endpoints

In this section, we define the REST controllers and DTOs necessary for:

  • AuthController: Authenticate users, issue JWE tokens, and set secure cookies.
  • HelloController: Expose protected resource endpoints for authenticated users and admin-specific paths.
  • LoginRequestDTO: Model the login request payload (username/password).
  • TokenDTO: Model the authentication response including token and expiration.

These components complete the stateless authentication flow by handling login, token issuance, cookie management, and resource protection.

In this section, we expose REST controllers and DTOs to handle user authentication, token issuance, and protected resource access.

AuthController

HelloController

LoginRequestDTO

TokenDTO


▶️ Run the App

BASH
./mvnw spring-boot:run
# or
gradle bootRun

🧪 Test Endpoints

In this section, we clarify Test Endpoints and summarize the key points you will apply in implementation.

Admin Flow

Login as admin and capture the JWE token from the Set-Cookie header:

BASH
curl -i -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/auth/login \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"username":"admin","password":"adminpass"}'
  • Set-Cookie header contains accessToken=<jwe-token>
  • Response body:
JSONconfig.json
{
  "accessToken": "<jwe-token>",
  "tokenType": "Bearer",
  "accessTokenExpiresIn": 3600
}

Use cookie to access hello endpoint:

BASH
curl -b "accessToken=<jwe-token>" http://localhost:8080/api/hello

Use Authorization header instead:

BASH
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <jwe-token>" http://localhost:8080/api/hello

Access admin-only endpoint:

BASH
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <jwe-token>" http://localhost:8080/api/hello/admin

User Flow

Login as user and capture JWE token from cookie:

BASH
curl -i -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/auth/login \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"username":"user","password":"userpass"}'
  • Set-Cookie header contains accessToken=<jwe-token>

Use cookie to access hello endpoint:

BASH
curl -b "accessToken=<jwe-token>" http://localhost:8080/api/hello

Use Authorization header:

BASH
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <jwe-token>" http://localhost:8080/api/hello

Attempt admin endpoint (should be 403 Forbidden):

BASH
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <jwe-token>" http://localhost:8080/api/hello/admin
# HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden

🏁 Conclusion

You now have a practical Spring Boot JWE Authentication with JPA implementation with a clear, production-friendly Spring Boot structure. As a next step, adapt configuration and tests to your own domain, then validate behavior under realistic traffic and failure scenarios.

JAVASecurityJwtConfig.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.config;

import com.nimbusds.jose.EncryptionMethod;
import com.nimbusds.jose.JWEAlgorithm;
import com.nimbusds.jose.JWSAlgorithm;
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.JWKSet;
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.RSAKey;
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.source.JWKSource;
import com.nimbusds.jose.proc.JWEDecryptionKeySelector;
import com.nimbusds.jose.proc.JWSVerificationKeySelector;
import com.nimbusds.jose.proc.SecurityContext;
import com.nimbusds.jwt.proc.DefaultJWTProcessor;
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.CookieBearerTokenResolver;
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.KeyUtils;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtDecoder;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.NimbusJwtDecoder;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.NimbusJwtEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.authentication.JwtAuthenticationConverter;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.authentication.JwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.web.BearerTokenResolver;

import java.util.List;

import static io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.SecurityUtils.AUTHORITIES_KEY;

@Configuration
public class SecurityJwtConfig {

    private final JwtProperties props;
    public SecurityJwtConfig(JwtProperties props) { this.props = props; }

    @Bean
    public RSAKey signingKey() throws Exception {
        return KeyUtils.buildRsaKey(
            props.getSigning().getPublicKey(),
            props.getSigning().getPrivateKey(),
            props.getSigning().getKeyId(),
            true
        );
    }

    @Bean
    public RSAKey encryptionKey() throws Exception {
        return KeyUtils.buildRsaKey(
            props.getEncryption().getPublicKey(),
            props.getEncryption().getPrivateKey(),
            props.getEncryption().getKeyId(),
            false
        );
    }

    @Bean
    public JWKSource<SecurityContext> jwkSource(RSAKey signingKey, RSAKey encryptionKey) {
        JWKSet jwkSet = new JWKSet(List.of(
            signingKey,
            encryptionKey
        ));
        return (jwkSelector, context) -> jwkSelector.select(jwkSet);
    }

    @Bean
    public JwtDecoder jwtDecoder(JWKSource<SecurityContext> jwkSource) {
        DefaultJWTProcessor<SecurityContext> jwtProcessor = new DefaultJWTProcessor<>();
        JWEDecryptionKeySelector<SecurityContext> jweKeySelector =
            new JWEDecryptionKeySelector<>(
                JWEAlgorithm.RSA_OAEP_256,
                EncryptionMethod.A128GCM,
                jwkSource
            );
        jwtProcessor.setJWEKeySelector(jweKeySelector);

        JWSVerificationKeySelector<SecurityContext> jwsKeySelector =
            new JWSVerificationKeySelector<>(
                JWSAlgorithm.RS256,
                jwkSource
            );
        jwtProcessor.setJWSKeySelector(jwsKeySelector);
        jwtProcessor.setJWTClaimsSetVerifier((claims, context) -> {});

        return new NimbusJwtDecoder(jwtProcessor);
    }

    @Bean
    public JwtEncoder jwtEncoder(JWKSource<SecurityContext> jwkSource) {
        return new NimbusJwtEncoder(jwkSource);
    }

    @Bean
    public JwtAuthenticationConverter jwtAuthenticationConverter() {
        JwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter converter = new JwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter();
        converter.setAuthorityPrefix("");
        converter.setAuthoritiesClaimName(AUTHORITIES_KEY);

        JwtAuthenticationConverter authConverter = new JwtAuthenticationConverter();
        authConverter.setJwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter(converter);
        return authConverter;
    }

    @Bean
    public BearerTokenResolver bearerTokenResolver() {
        CookieBearerTokenResolver resolver = new CookieBearerTokenResolver();
        resolver.setAllowUriQueryParameter(false);
        resolver.setAllowFormEncodedBodyParameter(false);
        resolver.setAllowCookie(true);
        return resolver;
    }
}
KOTLINSecurityJwtConfig.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.config

import com.nimbusds.jose.EncryptionMethod
import com.nimbusds.jose.JWEAlgorithm
import com.nimbusds.jose.JWSAlgorithm
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.JWKSet
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.RSAKey
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.source.JWKSource
import com.nimbusds.jose.proc.JWEDecryptionKeySelector
import com.nimbusds.jose.proc.JWSVerificationKeySelector
import com.nimbusds.jose.proc.SecurityContext
import com.nimbusds.jwt.proc.DefaultJWTProcessor
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.CookieBearerTokenResolver
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.KeyUtils
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtDecoder
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtEncoder
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.NimbusJwtDecoder
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.NimbusJwtEncoder
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.authentication.JwtAuthenticationConverter
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.authentication.JwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.web.BearerTokenResolver

@Configuration
class SecurityJwtConfig(private val props: JwtProperties) {

    @Bean
    @Throws(Exception::class)
    fun signingKey(): RSAKey =
        KeyUtils.buildRsaKey(
            props.signing.publicKey,
            props.signing.privateKey,
            props.signing.keyId,
            true
        )

    @Bean
    @Throws(Exception::class)
    fun encryptionKey(): RSAKey =
        KeyUtils.buildRsaKey(
            props.encryption.publicKey,
            props.encryption.privateKey,
            props.encryption.keyId,
            false
        )

    @Bean
    fun jwkSource(signingKey: RSAKey, encryptionKey: RSAKey): JWKSource<SecurityContext> {
        val jwkSet = JWKSet(listOf(signingKey, encryptionKey))
        return JWKSource { jwkSelector, context -> jwkSelector.select(jwkSet) }
    }

    @Bean
    fun jwtDecoder(jwkSource: JWKSource<SecurityContext>): JwtDecoder {
        val jwtProcessor = DefaultJWTProcessor<SecurityContext>()
        val jweKeySelector = JWEDecryptionKeySelector(
            JWEAlgorithm.RSA_OAEP_256,
            EncryptionMethod.A128GCM,
            jwkSource
        )
        jwtProcessor.jweKeySelector = jweKeySelector
        val jwsKeySelector = JWSVerificationKeySelector(
            JWSAlgorithm.RS256,
            jwkSource
        )
        jwtProcessor.jwsKeySelector = jwsKeySelector
        jwtProcessor.jwtClaimsSetVerifier = { _, _ -> }
        return NimbusJwtDecoder(jwtProcessor)
    }

    @Bean
    fun jwtEncoder(jwkSource: JWKSource<SecurityContext>): JwtEncoder =
        NimbusJwtEncoder(jwkSource)

    @Bean
    fun jwtAuthenticationConverter(): JwtAuthenticationConverter {
        val converter = JwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter().apply {
            setAuthorityPrefix("")
            setAuthoritiesClaimName(AUTHORITIES_KEY)
        }
        return JwtAuthenticationConverter().apply {
            setJwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter(converter)
        }
    }

    @Bean
    fun bearerTokenResolver(): BearerTokenResolver =
        CookieBearerTokenResolver().apply {
            setAllowUriQueryParameter(false)
            setAllowFormEncodedBodyParameter(false)
            setAllowCookie(true)
        }
}
JAVASecurityConfig.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.config;

import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.repository.UserRepository;
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.AuthoritiesConstants;
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.DomainUserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.ProviderManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configurers.AbstractHttpConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;
import org.springframework.security.web.servlet.util.matcher.MvcRequestMatcher;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerMappingIntrospector;

import static org.springframework.security.config.Customizer.withDefaults;

@Configuration
@EnableMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true)
public class SecurityConfig {

  @Bean
  public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http,
                                                 MvcRequestMatcher.Builder mvc) throws Exception {
    http
      .cors(withDefaults())
      .csrf(AbstractHttpConfigurer::disable)
      .authorizeHttpRequests(authz -> authz
        .requestMatchers(
          mvc.pattern("/webjars/**"),
          mvc.pattern("/css/**"),
          mvc.pattern("/js/**")
        ).permitAll()
        .requestMatchers(
          mvc.pattern("/*.ico"),
          mvc.pattern("/*.png"),
          mvc.pattern("/*.svg"),
          mvc.pattern("/*.webapp")
        ).permitAll()
        .requestMatchers("/actuator/**").permitAll()
        .requestMatchers(
          "/v3/api-docs/**",
          "/swagger-ui.html",
          "/swagger-ui/**"
        ).permitAll()
        .requestMatchers(mvc.pattern("/api/auth/login")).permitAll()
        .requestMatchers(mvc.pattern("/api/hello/admin")).hasAuthority(AuthoritiesConstants.ADMIN)
        .anyRequest().authenticated()
      )
      .sessionManagement(session ->
        session.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
      )
      .oauth2ResourceServer(oauth2 -> oauth2.jwt(withDefaults()));

    return http.build();
  }

  @Bean
  public UserDetailsService userDetailsService(UserRepository userRepository) {
    return new DomainUserDetailsService(userRepository);
  }

  @Bean
  public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
    return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
  }

  @Bean
  public AuthenticationManager authenticationManager(
    UserDetailsService userDetailsService,
    PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder) {
    DaoAuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();
    authenticationProvider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);
    authenticationProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder);

    return new ProviderManager(authenticationProvider);
  }

  @Bean
  public MvcRequestMatcher.Builder mvc(HandlerMappingIntrospector introspector) {
    return new MvcRequestMatcher.Builder(introspector);
  }
}
KOTLINSecurityConfig.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.config

import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.repository.UserRepository
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.AuthoritiesConstants
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.DomainUserDetailsService
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager
import org.springframework.security.authentication.ProviderManager
import org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableMethodSecurity
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity
import org.springframework.security.config.configurers.AbstractHttpConfigurer
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain
import org.springframework.security.web.servlet.util.matcher.MvcRequestMatcher
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerMappingIntrospector

@Configuration
@EnableMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true)
class SecurityConfig {

  @Bean
  @Throws(Exception::class)
  fun securityFilterChain(http: HttpSecurity,
                          mvc: MvcRequestMatcher.Builder): SecurityFilterChain {
    http
      .cors(withDefaults())
      .csrf { it.disable() }
      .authorizeHttpRequests { authz ->
        authz
          .requestMatchers(
            mvc.pattern("/webjars/**"),
            mvc.pattern("/css/**"),
            mvc.pattern("/js/**")
          ).permitAll()
          .requestMatchers(
            mvc.pattern("/*.ico"),
            mvc.pattern("/*.png"),
            mvc.pattern("/*.svg"),
            mvc.pattern("/*.webapp")
          ).permitAll()
          .requestMatchers("/actuator/**").permitAll()
          .requestMatchers(
            "/v3/api-docs/**",
            "/swagger-ui.html",
            "/swagger-ui/**"
          ).permitAll()
          .requestMatchers(mvc.pattern("/api/auth/login")).permitAll()
          .requestMatchers(mvc.pattern("/api/hello/admin")).hasAuthority(AuthoritiesConstants.ADMIN)
          .anyRequest().authenticated()
      }
      .sessionManagement { it.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS) }
      .oauth2ResourceServer { it.jwt(withDefaults()) }

    return http.build()
  }

  @Bean
  fun userDetailsService(userRepository: UserRepository): UserDetailsService =
    DomainUserDetailsService(userRepository)

  @Bean
  fun passwordEncoder(): PasswordEncoder = BCryptPasswordEncoder()

  @Bean
  fun authenticationManager(
    userDetailsService: UserDetailsService,
    passwordEncoder: PasswordEncoder
  ): AuthenticationManager {
    val provider = DaoAuthenticationProvider().apply {
      setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService)
      setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder)
    }
    return ProviderManager(provider)
  }

  @Bean
  fun mvc(introspector: HandlerMappingIntrospector): MvcRequestMatcher.Builder =
    MvcRequestMatcher.Builder(introspector)
}
JAVAJwtProperties.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.config;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.time.Duration;

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "security.jwt")
@Data
public class JwtProperties {

    @Data
    public static class Pair {
        private String publicKey;
        private String privateKey;
        private String keyId;
    }

    private Pair signing;
    private Pair encryption;
    private String issuer;
    private Duration expirationDuration;
}
KOTLINJwtProperties.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.config

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
import java.time.Duration

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "security.jwt")
class JwtProperties {

  class Pair {
    lateinit var publicKey: String
    lateinit var privateKey: String
    lateinit var keyId: String
  }

  lateinit var signing: Pair
  lateinit var encryption: Pair
  lateinit var issuer: String
  lateinit var expirationDuration: Duration
}
JAVADatabaseConfig.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaAuditing;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories("io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.repository")
@EnableJpaAuditing(auditorAwareRef = "springSecurityAuditorAware")
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class DatabaseConfig {

}
KOTLINDatabaseConfig.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.config

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaAuditing
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement

@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories("io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.repository")
@EnableJpaAuditing(auditorAwareRef = "springSecurityAuditorAware")
@EnableTransactionManagement
class DatabaseConfig
JAVABaseEntity.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.entity;

import jakarta.persistence.Column;
import jakarta.persistence.EntityListeners;
import jakarta.persistence.MappedSuperclass;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.CreatedBy;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.CreatedDate;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.LastModifiedBy;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.LastModifiedDate;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.support.AuditingEntityListener;

import java.time.Instant;

@MappedSuperclass
@EntityListeners(AuditingEntityListener.class)
@Getter
@Setter
public abstract class BaseEntity {

  @CreatedDate
  @Column(name = "created_at", nullable = false, updatable = false)
  private Instant createdAt;

  @CreatedBy
  @Column(name = "created_by", nullable = false, updatable = false, length = 50)
  private String createdBy;

  @LastModifiedDate
  @Column(name = "updated_at")
  private Instant updatedAt;

  @LastModifiedBy
  @Column(name = "updated_by", length = 50)
  private String updatedBy;
}
KOTLINBaseEntity.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.entity

import jakarta.persistence.Column
import jakarta.persistence.EntityListeners
import jakarta.persistence.MappedSuperclass
import org.springframework.data.annotation.CreatedBy
import org.springframework.data.annotation.CreatedDate
import org.springframework.data.annotation.LastModifiedBy
import org.springframework.data.annotation.LastModifiedDate
import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.support.AuditingEntityListener
import java.time.Instant

@MappedSuperclass
@EntityListeners(AuditingEntityListener::class)
abstract class BaseEntity {

  @CreatedDate
  @Column(name = "created_at", nullable = false, updatable = false)
  lateinit var createdAt: Instant

  @CreatedBy
  @Column(name = "created_by", nullable = false, updatable = false, length = 50)
  lateinit var createdBy: String

  @LastModifiedDate
  @Column(name = "updated_at")
  var updatedAt: Instant? = null

  @LastModifiedBy
  @Column(name = "updated_by", length = 50)
  var updatedBy: String? = null
}
JAVAAuthority.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.entity;

import jakarta.persistence.Column;
import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.Id;
import jakarta.persistence.Table;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.hibernate.proxy.HibernateProxy;

import java.util.Objects;

@Entity
@Table(name = "authority")
@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Authority extends BaseEntity {

  @Id
  @Column(length = 36, nullable = false)
  private String id;

  @Column(length = 50, nullable = false, unique = true)
  private String name;

  @Column(length = 255)
  private String description;

  @Override
  public final boolean equals(Object obj) {
    if (this == obj) {
      return true;
    }
    if (!(obj instanceof Authority other)) {
      return false;
    }
    Class<?> objClass = obj instanceof HibernateProxy proxy
      ? proxy.getHibernateLazyInitializer().getPersistentClass()
      : obj.getClass();
    Class<?> thisClass = this instanceof HibernateProxy proxy
      ? proxy.getHibernateLazyInitializer().getPersistentClass()
      : this.getClass();
    if (!thisClass.equals(objClass)) {
      return false;
    }
    return id != null && Objects.equals(id, other.id);
  }

  @Override
  public final int hashCode() {
    return this instanceof HibernateProxy proxy
      ? proxy.getHibernateLazyInitializer().getPersistentClass().hashCode()
      : getClass().hashCode();
  }
}
KOTLINAuthority.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.entity

import jakarta.persistence.Column
import jakarta.persistence.Entity
import jakarta.persistence.Id
import jakarta.persistence.Table
import org.hibernate.proxy.HibernateProxy
import java.util.Objects

@Entity
@Table(name = "authority")
class Authority(
  @Id
  @Column(length = 36, nullable = false)
  var id: String,

  @Column(length = 50, nullable = false, unique = true)
  var name: String,

  @Column(length = 255)
  var description: String?
) : BaseEntity() {

  override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
    if (this === other) return true
    if (other !is Authority) return false
    val objClass = (other as? HibernateProxy)?.hibernateLazyInitializer?.persistentClass ?: other::class.java
    val thisClass = (this as? HibernateProxy)?.hibernateLazyInitializer?.persistentClass ?: this::class.java
    if (thisClass != objClass) return false
    return id == other.id
  }

  override fun hashCode(): Int {
    return (this as? HibernateProxy)?.hibernateLazyInitializer?.persistentClass?.hashCode()
      ?: javaClass.hashCode()
  }
}
JAVAUser.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.entity;

import jakarta.persistence.CascadeType;
import jakarta.persistence.Column;
import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.FetchType;
import jakarta.persistence.Id;
import jakarta.persistence.NamedAttributeNode;
import jakarta.persistence.NamedEntityGraph;
import jakarta.persistence.NamedSubgraph;
import jakarta.persistence.OneToMany;
import jakarta.persistence.Table;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.hibernate.proxy.HibernateProxy;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;

@Entity
@Table(name = "user_identity")
@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@NamedEntityGraph(
  name = "User.withAuthorities",
  attributeNodes = @NamedAttributeNode(value = "authorities", subgraph = "auth-subgraph"),
  subgraphs = @NamedSubgraph(
    name = "auth-subgraph",
    attributeNodes = @NamedAttributeNode("authority")
  )
)
public class User extends BaseEntity {

  @Id
  @Column(name = "id", length = 36, nullable = false, updatable = false)
  private String id;

  @Column(name = "username", length = 50, nullable = false, unique = true)
  private String username;

  @Column(name = "password", length = 100, nullable = false)
  private String password;

  @Column(name = "email", length = 100, nullable = false, unique = true)
  private String email;

  @Column(name = "first_name", length = 50)
  private String firstName;

  @Column(name = "last_name", length = 50)
  private String lastName;

  @Column(name = "enabled", nullable = false)
  private boolean enabled;

  @OneToMany(mappedBy = "user", fetch = FetchType.LAZY,
    cascade = CascadeType.ALL, orphanRemoval = true)
  private Set<UserAuthorityMapping> authorities = new HashSet<>();

  @Override
  public final boolean equals(Object obj) {
    if (this == obj) return true;
    if (!(obj instanceof User other)) return false;
    Class<?> objClass = (obj instanceof HibernateProxy hp
      ? hp.getHibernateLazyInitializer().getPersistentClass()
      : obj.getClass());
    Class<?> thisClass = (this instanceof HibernateProxy hp
      ? hp.getHibernateLazyInitializer().getPersistentClass()
      : this.getClass());
    if (!thisClass.equals(objClass)) return false;
    return id != null && id.equals(other.id);
  }

  @Override
  public final int hashCode() {
    return (this instanceof HibernateProxy hp
      ? hp.getHibernateLazyInitializer().getPersistentClass().hashCode()
      : getClass().hashCode());
  }
}
KOTLINUser.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.entity

import jakarta.persistence.CascadeType
import jakarta.persistence.Column
import jakarta.persistence.Entity
import jakarta.persistence.FetchType
import jakarta.persistence.Id
import jakarta.persistence.NamedAttributeNode
import jakarta.persistence.NamedEntityGraph
import jakarta.persistence.NamedSubgraph
import jakarta.persistence.OneToMany
import jakarta.persistence.Table
import org.hibernate.proxy.HibernateProxy
import java.util.*

@Entity
@Table(name = "user_identity")
@NamedEntityGraph(
  name = "User.withAuthorities",
  attributeNodes = [NamedAttributeNode(value = "authorities", subgraph = "auth-subgraph")],
  subgraphs = [
    NamedSubgraph(
      name = "auth-subgraph",
      attributeNodes = [NamedAttributeNode("authority")]
    )
  ]
)
class User(

  @Id
  @Column(name = "id", length = 36, nullable = false, updatable = false)
  var id: String,

  @Column(name = "username", length = 50, nullable = false, unique = true)
  var username: String,

  @Column(name = "password", length = 100, nullable = false)
  var password: String,

  @Column(name = "email", length = 100, nullable = false, unique = true)
  var email: String,

  @Column(name = "first_name", length = 50)
  var firstName: String? = null,

  @Column(name = "last_name", length = 50)
  var lastName: String? = null,

  @Column(name = "enabled", nullable = false)
  var enabled: Boolean = true

) : BaseEntity() {

  @OneToMany(
    mappedBy = "user",
    fetch = FetchType.LAZY,
    cascade = [CascadeType.ALL],
    orphanRemoval = true
  )
  var authorities: MutableSet<UserAuthorityMapping> = HashSet()

  override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
    if (this === other) return true
    if (other !is User) return false
    val objClass = (other as? HibernateProxy)?.hibernateLazyInitializer?.persistentClass
      ?: other::class.java
    val thisClass = (this as? HibernateProxy)?.hibernateLazyInitializer?.persistentClass
      ?: this::class.java
    if (thisClass != objClass) return false
    return id == other.id
  }

  override fun hashCode(): Int =
    ((this as? HibernateProxy)?.hibernateLazyInitializer?.persistentClass?.hashCode()
      ?: javaClass.hashCode())
}
JAVAUserAuthorityMapping.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.entity;

import jakarta.persistence.Column;
import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.FetchType;
import jakarta.persistence.Id;
import jakarta.persistence.IdClass;
import jakarta.persistence.JoinColumn;
import jakarta.persistence.ManyToOne;
import jakarta.persistence.Table;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.hibernate.proxy.HibernateProxy;

import java.util.Objects;

@Entity
@Table(name = "user_authority_mapping")
@IdClass(UserAuthorityMappingId.class)
@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UserAuthorityMapping extends BaseEntity {

  @Id
  @Column(name = "user_id", length = 36, nullable = false)
  private String userId;

  @Id
  @Column(name = "authority_id", length = 36, nullable = false)
  private String authorityId;

  @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
  @JoinColumn(name = "user_id", insertable = false, updatable = false)
  private User user;

  @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
  @JoinColumn(name = "authority_id", insertable = false, updatable = false)
  private Authority authority;

  @Override
  public final boolean equals(Object obj) {
    if (this == obj) return true;
    if (!(obj instanceof UserAuthorityMapping other)) return false;
    Class<?> objCls = (obj instanceof HibernateProxy hp
      ? hp.getHibernateLazyInitializer().getPersistentClass()
      : obj.getClass());
    Class<?> thisCls = (this instanceof HibernateProxy hp
      ? hp.getHibernateLazyInitializer().getPersistentClass()
      : this.getClass());
    if (!thisCls.equals(objCls)) return false;
    return userId != null && userId.equals(other.userId)
      && authorityId != null && authorityId.equals(other.authorityId);
  }

  @Override
  public final int hashCode() {
    return (this instanceof HibernateProxy hp
      ? hp.getHibernateLazyInitializer().getPersistentClass().hashCode()
      : Objects.hash(userId, authorityId));
  }
}
KOTLINUserAuthorityMapping.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.entity

import jakarta.persistence.*
import org.hibernate.proxy.HibernateProxy
import java.util.*

@Entity
@Table(name = "user_authority_mapping")
@IdClass(UserAuthorityMappingId::class)
data class UserAuthorityMapping(

  @Id
  @Column(name = "user_id", length = 36, nullable = false)
  var userId: String = "",

  @Id
  @Column(name = "authority_id", length = 36, nullable = false)
  var authorityId: String = "",

  @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
  @JoinColumn(name = "user_id", insertable = false, updatable = false)
  var user: User? = null,

  @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
  @JoinColumn(name = "authority_id", insertable = false, updatable = false)
  var authority: Authority? = null

) : BaseEntity() {

  override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
    if (this === other) return true
    if (other !is UserAuthorityMapping) return false

    val objCls = (other as? HibernateProxy)?.hibernateLazyInitializer?.persistentClass
      ?: other::class.java
    val thisCls = (this as? HibernateProxy)?.hibernateLazyInitializer?.persistentClass
      ?: this::class.java

    if (thisCls != objCls) return false
    return userId == other.userId && authorityId == other.authorityId
  }

  override fun hashCode(): Int {
    return (this as? HibernateProxy)?.hibernateLazyInitializer?.persistentClass?.hashCode()
      ?: Objects.hash(userId, authorityId)
  }
}
JAVAUserAuthorityMappingId.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Objects;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;

@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UserAuthorityMappingId implements Serializable {

  private String userId;
  private String authorityId;

  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (this == o) return true;
    if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
    UserAuthorityMappingId that = (UserAuthorityMappingId) o;
    return Objects.equals(userId, that.userId) &&
      Objects.equals(authorityId, that.authorityId);
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    return Objects.hash(userId, authorityId);
  }
}
KOTLINUserAuthorityMappingId.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.entity

import java.io.Serializable
import java.util.Objects

data class UserAuthorityMappingId(
  var userId: String = "",
  var authorityId: String = ""
) : Serializable {

  override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
    if (this === other) return true
    if (other == null || this::class != other::class) return false
    other as UserAuthorityMappingId
    return userId == other.userId && authorityId == other.authorityId
  }

  override fun hashCode(): Int {
    return Objects.hash(userId, authorityId)
  }
}
JAVAUserRepository.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.repository;

import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.EntityGraph;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.Optional;

@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, String> {

  @EntityGraph("User.withAuthorities")
  Optional<User> findOneWithAuthoritiesByUsername(String username);
}
KOTLINUserRepository.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.repository

import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.entity.User
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.EntityGraph
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository
import java.util.Optional

@Repository
interface UserRepository : JpaRepository<User, String> {

  @EntityGraph("User.withAuthorities")
  fun findOneWithAuthoritiesByUsername(username: String): Optional<User>
}
JAVAAuthoritiesConstants.java

package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security;

import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@NoArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)
public final class AuthoritiesConstants {
    public static final String ADMIN = "ROLE_ADMIN";
    public static final String USER = "ROLE_USER";
    public static final String ANONYMOUS = "ROLE_ANONYMOUS";
}
KOTLINAuthoritiesConstants.kt

package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security

object AuthoritiesConstants {
  const val ADMIN = "ROLE_ADMIN"
  const val USER = "ROLE_USER"
  const val ANONYMOUS = "ROLE_ANONYMOUS"
}
JAVACookieBearerTokenResolver.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security;

import jakarta.servlet.http.Cookie;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.core.OAuth2AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.BearerTokenError;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.BearerTokenErrors;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.web.BearerTokenResolver;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

@Setter
public class CookieBearerTokenResolver implements BearerTokenResolver {
    private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_PARAMETER_NAME = "access_token";
    private static final Pattern AUTHORIZATION_PATTERN =
        Pattern.compile("^Bearer (?<token>[A-Za-z0-9-._~+/]+=*)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);

    private boolean allowFormEncodedBodyParameter = false;
    private boolean allowUriQueryParameter       = false;
    private boolean allowCookie                  = true;
    private String  bearerTokenHeaderName       = "Authorization";
    private String  cookieName                  = "accessToken";

    @Override
    public String resolve(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String headerToken = resolveFromAuthorizationHeader(request);
        String queryToken  = resolveAccessTokenFromQueryString(request);
        String bodyToken   = resolveAccessTokenFromBody(request);
        String cookieToken = (headerToken == null && queryToken == null && bodyToken == null)
            ? resolveFromCookie(request)
            : null;

        return resolveToken(headerToken, queryToken, bodyToken, cookieToken);
    }

    private String resolveFromAuthorizationHeader(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String authorization = request.getHeader(this.bearerTokenHeaderName);
        if (!StringUtils.hasText(authorization) || !authorization.toLowerCase().startsWith("bearer")) {
            return null;
        }
        Matcher matcher = AUTHORIZATION_PATTERN.matcher(authorization.trim());
        if (!matcher.matches()) {
            BearerTokenError error = BearerTokenErrors.invalidToken("Bearer token is malformed");
            throw new OAuth2AuthenticationException(error);
        }
        return matcher.group("token");
    }

    private String resolveAccessTokenFromQueryString(HttpServletRequest request) {
        if (allowUriQueryParameter && HttpMethod.GET.matches(request.getMethod())) {
            return resolveToken(request.getParameterValues(ACCESS_TOKEN_PARAMETER_NAME));
        }
        return null;
    }

    private String resolveAccessTokenFromBody(HttpServletRequest request) {
        if (allowFormEncodedBodyParameter
            && HttpMethod.POST.matches(request.getMethod())
            && "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".equals(request.getContentType())) {
            return resolveToken(request.getParameterValues(ACCESS_TOKEN_PARAMETER_NAME));
        }
        return null;
    }

    private String resolveFromCookie(HttpServletRequest request) {
        if (!allowCookie || request.getCookies() == null) {
            return null;
        }
        for (Cookie cookie : request.getCookies()) {
            if (cookieName.equals(cookie.getName())) {
                String val = cookie.getValue();
                return StringUtils.hasText(val) ? val : null;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private String resolveToken(String... tokens) {
        String found = null;
        for (String token : tokens) {
            if (token == null) continue;
            if (found != null) {
                BearerTokenError error = BearerTokenErrors.invalidRequest("Found multiple bearer tokens in the request");
                throw new OAuth2AuthenticationException(error);
            }
            found = token;
        }
        if (found != null && found.isBlank()) {
            BearerTokenError error = BearerTokenErrors.invalidRequest("The requested token parameter is an empty string");
            throw new OAuth2AuthenticationException(error);
        }
        return found;
    }
KOTLINCookieBearerTokenResolver.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security

import jakarta.servlet.http.Cookie
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.core.OAuth2AuthenticationException
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.BearerTokenError
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.BearerTokenErrors
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.web.BearerTokenResolver
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils
import java.util.regex.Pattern

class CookieBearerTokenResolver {
    var allowFormEncodedBodyParameter: Boolean = false
    var allowUriQueryParameter: Boolean = false
    var allowCookie: Boolean = true
    var bearerTokenHeaderName: String = "Authorization"
    var cookieName: String = "accessToken"

    companion object {
        private const val ACCESS_TOKEN_PARAMETER_NAME = "access_token"
        private val AUTHORIZATION_PATTERN =
            Pattern.compile("^Bearer (?<token>[A-Za-z0-9-._~+/]+=*)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE)
    }

    fun resolve(request: HttpServletRequest): String? {
        val header = resolveFromAuthorizationHeader(request)
        val query  = if (allowUriQueryParameter && HttpMethod.GET.matches(request.method))
            request.getParameterValues(ACCESS_TOKEN_PARAMETER_NAME)?.let(::resolveToken)
        else null
        val body   = if (allowFormEncodedBodyParameter && HttpMethod.POST.matches(request.method)
            && request.contentType == "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
            request.getParameterValues(ACCESS_TOKEN_PARAMETER_NAME)?.let(::resolveToken)
        else null
        val cookie = if (header == null && query == null && body == null)
            resolveFromCookie(request)
        else null
      return listOf(header, query, body, cookie).filterNotNull().let {
            if (it.size > 1) throw OAuth2AuthenticationException(BearerTokenErrors.invalidRequest("Found multiple bearer tokens"))
            it.firstOrNull()?: null
        }
    }

    private fun resolveFromAuthorizationHeader(request: HttpServletRequest): String? {
        val auth = request.getHeader(bearerTokenHeaderName) ?: return null
        if (!auth.startsWith("Bearer ", true)) return null
        val matcher = AUTHORIZATION_PATTERN.matcher(auth.trim())
        return if (matcher.matches()) matcher.group("token")
        else throw OAuth2AuthenticationException(BearerTokenErrors.invalidToken("Malformed token"))
    }

    private fun resolveFromCookie(request: HttpServletRequest): String? {
        if (!allowCookie) return null
        return request.cookies?.firstOrNull { it.name == cookieName }?.value?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }
    }

    private fun resolveToken(tokens: Array<String>): String? {
        return tokens.filter { it.isNotBlank() }.let {
            when {
                it.isEmpty() -> null
                it.size > 1   -> throw OAuth2AuthenticationException(BearerTokenErrors.invalidRequest("Multiple tokens"))
                else          -> it[0]
            }
        }
    }
JAVACookieUtils.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security;

import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.dto.TokenDTO;
import lombok.experimental.UtilityClass;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseCookie;

@UtilityClass
public class CookieUtils {

    private static final String COOKIE_NAME = "accessToken";

    public ResponseCookie createAccessTokenCookie(TokenDTO tokenDto) {
        return ResponseCookie.from(COOKIE_NAME, tokenDto.accessToken())
            .httpOnly(true)
            .secure(true)
            .path("/")
            .maxAge(tokenDto.accessTokenExpiresIn())
            .sameSite("Strict")
            .build();
    }
}
KOTLINCookieUtils.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security

import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.dto.TokenDTO
import org.springframework.http.ResponseCookie

object CookieUtils {

  private const val COOKIE_NAME = "accessToken"

  fun createAccessTokenCookie(tokenDto: TokenDTO): ResponseCookie {
    return ResponseCookie.from(COOKIE_NAME, tokenDto.accessToken())
      .httpOnly(true)
      .secure(true)
      .path("/")
      .maxAge(tokenDto.accessTokenExpiresIn())
      .sameSite("Strict")
      .build()
  }
}
JAVAJweUtil.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security;

import com.nimbusds.jose.EncryptionMethod;
import com.nimbusds.jose.JOSEException;
import com.nimbusds.jose.JWEAlgorithm;
import com.nimbusds.jose.JWEHeader;
import com.nimbusds.jose.JWEObject;
import com.nimbusds.jose.Payload;
import com.nimbusds.jose.crypto.RSAEncrypter;
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.RSAKey;
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.config.JwtProperties;
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.dto.TokenDTO;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jose.jws.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.List;

import static io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.SecurityUtils.AUTHORITIES_KEY;

@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class JweUtil {

    private final JwtEncoder jwtEncoder;
    private final RSAKey signingKey;
    private final RSAKey encryptionKey;
    private final JwtProperties props;

    public TokenDTO generateToken(Authentication authentication) throws JOSEException {
        String subject = authentication.getName();
        List<String> roles = authentication.getAuthorities()
            .stream()
            .map(GrantedAuthority::getAuthority)
            .toList();

        Instant now = Instant.now();
        long expiresIn = props.getExpirationDuration().getSeconds();
        Instant exp = now.plusSeconds(expiresIn);

        JwtClaimsSet claims = JwtClaimsSet.builder()
            .issuer(props.getIssuer())
            .issuedAt(now)
            .expiresAt(exp)
            .subject(subject)
            .claim(AUTHORITIES_KEY, roles)
            .build();

        JwsHeader jwsHeader = JwsHeader.with(SignatureAlgorithm.RS256)
            .keyId(signingKey.getKeyID())
            .build();

        String jws = jwtEncoder
            .encode(JwtEncoderParameters.from(jwsHeader, claims))
            .getTokenValue();

        JWEHeader jweHeader = new JWEHeader.Builder(JWEAlgorithm.RSA_OAEP_256, EncryptionMethod.A128GCM)
            .contentType("JWT")
            .keyID(encryptionKey.getKeyID())
            .build();

        JWEObject jweObject = new JWEObject(jweHeader, new Payload(jws));
        jweObject.encrypt(new RSAEncrypter(encryptionKey.toRSAPublicKey()));
        String token = jweObject.serialize();

        return new TokenDTO(token, "Bearer", expiresIn);
    }
}
KOTLINJweUtil.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security

import com.nimbusds.jose.EncryptionMethod
import com.nimbusds.jose.JOSEException
import com.nimbusds.jose.JWEAlgorithm
import com.nimbusds.jose.JWEHeader
import com.nimbusds.jose.JWEObject
import com.nimbusds.jose.Payload
import com.nimbusds.jose.crypto.RSAEncrypter
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.RSAKey
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.config.JwtProperties
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.dto.TokenDTO
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jose.jws.SignatureAlgorithm
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtClaimsSet
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtEncoder
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtEncoderParameters
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component

import java.time.Instant

@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor
class JweUtil(
    private val jwtEncoder: JwtEncoder,
    private val signingKey: RSAKey,
    private val encryptionKey: RSAKey,
    private val props: JwtProperties
) {
    fun generateToken(authentication: Authentication): TokenDTO {
        val subject = authentication.name
        val roles = authentication.authorities.map { it.authority }

        val now = Instant.now()
        val expiresIn = props.expirationDuration.seconds
        val exp = now.plusSeconds(expiresIn)

        val claims = JwtClaimsSet.builder()
            .issuer(props.issuer)
            .issuedAt(now)
            .expiresAt(exp)
            .subject(subject)
            .claim(AUTHORITIES_KEY, roles)
            .build()

        val jwsHeader = org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwsHeader.with(SignatureAlgorithm.RS256)
            .keyId(signingKey.keyID)
            .build()

        val jws = jwtEncoder
            .encode(JwtEncoderParameters.from(jwsHeader, claims))
            .tokenValue

        val jweHeader = JWEHeader.Builder(JWEAlgorithm.RSA_OAEP_256, EncryptionMethod.A128GCM)
            .contentType("JWT")
            .keyID(encryptionKey.keyID)
            .build()

        val jweObject = JWEObject(jweHeader, Payload(jws))
        jweObject.encrypt(RSAEncrypter(encryptionKey.toRSAPublicKey()))
        val token = jweObject.serialize()

        return TokenDTO(token, "Bearer", expiresIn)
    }
}
JAVAKeyUtils.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security;

import com.nimbusds.jose.JWEAlgorithm;
import com.nimbusds.jose.JWSAlgorithm;
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.KeyUse;
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.RSAKey;
import lombok.experimental.UtilityClass;

import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;

@UtilityClass
public class KeyUtils {
    public RSAKey buildRsaKey(
            String pubPem,
            String privPem,
            String kid,
            boolean forSign
    ) throws Exception {
        String pubContent = pubPem
            .replace("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----", "")
            .replace("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----", "")
            .replaceAll("\\s", "");
        String privContent = privPem
            .replace("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----", "")
            .replace("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----", "")
            .replaceAll("\\s", "");

        byte[] decodedPub = Base64.getDecoder().decode(pubContent);
        byte[] decodedPriv = Base64.getDecoder().decode(privContent);

        KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) kf.generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decodedPub));
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) kf.generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decodedPriv));

        RSAKey.Builder builder = new RSAKey.Builder(publicKey)
            .privateKey(privateKey)
            .keyID(kid);

        if (forSign) {
            builder
                .algorithm(JWSAlgorithm.RS256)
                .keyUse(KeyUse.SIGNATURE);
        } else {
            builder
                .algorithm(JWEAlgorithm.RSA_OAEP_256)
                .keyUse(KeyUse.ENCRYPTION);
        }

        return builder.build();
    }
}
KOTLINKeyUtils.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security

import com.nimbusds.jose.JWEAlgorithm
import com.nimbusds.jose.JWSAlgorithm
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.KeyUse
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.RSAKey
import java.security.KeyFactory
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec
import java.util.Base64

object KeyUtils {
    @JvmStatic
    @Throws(Exception::class)
    fun buildRsaKey(
        pubPem: String,
        privPem: String,
        kid: String,
        forSign: Boolean
    ): RSAKey {
        val pubContent = pubPem
            .replace("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----", "")
            .replace("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----", "")
            .replace(Regex("\\s"), "")
        val privContent = privPem
            .replace("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----", "")
            .replace("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----", "")
            .replace(Regex("\\s"), "")

        val decodedPub = Base64.getDecoder().decode(pubContent)
        val decodedPriv = Base64.getDecoder().decode(privContent)

        val kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA")
        val publicKey = kf.generatePublic(X509EncodedKeySpec(decodedPub)) as RSAPublicKey
        val privateKey = kf.generatePrivate(PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decodedPriv)) as RSAPrivateKey

        val builder = RSAKey.Builder(publicKey)
            .privateKey(privateKey)
            .keyID(kid)

        if (forSign) {
            builder
                .algorithm(JWSAlgorithm.RS256)
                .keyUse(KeyUse.SIGNATURE)
        } else {
            builder
                .algorithm(JWEAlgorithm.RSA_OAEP_256)
                .keyUse(KeyUse.ENCRYPTION)
        }

        return builder.build()
    }
}
JAVASecurityUtils.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security;

import lombok.experimental.UtilityClass;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.Jwt;

import java.util.Optional;

@UtilityClass
public class SecurityUtils {

    public static final String AUTHORITIES_KEY = "auth";

    public Optional<String> getCurrentUserLogin() {
        var ctx = SecurityContextHolder.getContext();
        return Optional.ofNullable(extractPrincipal(ctx.getAuthentication()));
    }

    private String extractPrincipal(Authentication authentication) {
        if (authentication == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Object principal = authentication.getPrincipal();
        if (principal instanceof Jwt jwt) {
            return jwt.getSubject();
        }
        if (principal instanceof UserDetails ud) {
            return ud.getUsername();
        }
        if (principal instanceof String username) {
            return username;
        }
        return null;
    }
}
KOTLINSecurityUtils.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security

import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.Jwt
import java.util.Optional

object SecurityUtils {
  const val AUTHORITIES_KEY = "auth"

  fun getCurrentUserLogin(): Optional<String> {
    val authentication: Authentication? = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().authentication
    return Optional.ofNullable(extractPrincipal(authentication))
  }

  private fun extractPrincipal(authentication: Authentication?): String? {
    return when (val principal = authentication?.principal) {
      is Jwt -> principal.subject
      is UserDetails -> principal.username
      is String -> principal
      else -> null
    }
  }
}
JAVADomainUserDetailsService.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security;

import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.entity.User;
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.repository.UserRepository;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class DomainUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {

  private final UserRepository userRepository;

  @Override
  public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
    User user = userRepository.findOneWithAuthoritiesByUsername(username)
      .orElseThrow(() -> new UsernameNotFoundException("User not found with username: " + username));

    List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = user.getAuthorities().stream()
      .map(mapping -> mapping.getAuthority().getName())
      .map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new)
      .collect(Collectors.toList());

    return new org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User(
      user.getUsername(),
      user.getPassword(),
      user.isEnabled(),  // enabled
      true,              // accountNonExpired
      true,              // credentialsNonExpired
      true,              // accountNonLocked
      authorities
    );
  }
}
KOTLINDomainUserDetailsService.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security

import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.repository.UserRepository
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException
import java.util.stream.Collectors

class DomainUserDetailsService(
  private val userRepository: UserRepository
) : UserDetailsService {
  override fun loadUserByUsername(username: String): UserDetails {
    val user = userRepository.findOneWithAuthoritiesByUsername(username)
      .orElseThrow { UsernameNotFoundException("User not found with username: $username") }

    val authorities: List<GrantedAuthority> = user.authorities.stream()
      .map { SimpleGrantedAuthority(it.authority.name) }
      .collect(Collectors.toList())

    return org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User(
      user.username,
      user.password,
      user.enabled,
      true,
      true,
      true,
      authorities
    )
  }
}
JAVASpringSecurityAuditorAware.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security;

import org.springframework.data.domain.AuditorAware;
import org.springframework.lang.NonNull;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Optional;

@Component
public class SpringSecurityAuditorAware implements AuditorAware<String> {

  @Override
  @NonNull
  public Optional<String> getCurrentAuditor() {
    return Optional.of(SecurityUtils.getCurrentUserLogin().orElse("system"));
  }
}
KOTLINSpringSecurityAuditorAware.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security

import org.springframework.data.domain.AuditorAware
import org.springframework.lang.NonNull
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component

@Component
class SpringSecurityAuditorAware : AuditorAware<String> {
    @NonNull
    override fun getCurrentAuditor(): Optional<String> =
        Optional.of(SecurityUtils.getCurrentUserLogin().orElse("system"))
}
JAVAAuthController.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.controller;

import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.dto.LoginRequestDTO;
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.dto.TokenDTO;
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.CookieUtils;
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.JweUtil;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseCookie;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
public class AuthController {

    private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
    private final JweUtil jweUtil;

    @PostMapping("/login")
    public ResponseEntity<TokenDTO> login(@RequestBody LoginRequestDTO loginRequest) throws Exception {
        // Authenticate user
        var authToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
            loginRequest.username(), loginRequest.password()
        );
        Authentication auth = authenticationManager.authenticate(authToken);
        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(auth);

        // Generate JWE token and cookie
        TokenDTO tokenDto = jweUtil.generateToken(auth);
        ResponseCookie cookie = CookieUtils.createAccessTokenCookie(tokenDto);

        return ResponseEntity.ok()
            .header(HttpHeaders.SET_COOKIE, cookie.toString())
            .body(tokenDto);
    }
}
KOTLINAuthController.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.controller

import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.dto.LoginRequestDTO
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.dto.TokenDTO
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.CookieUtils
import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.JweUtil
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders
import org.springframework.http.ResponseCookie
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController

@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
class AuthController(
    private val authenticationManager: AuthenticationManager,
    private val jweUtil: JweUtil
) {

    @PostMapping("/login")
    fun login(@RequestBody loginRequest: LoginRequestDTO): ResponseEntity<TokenDTO> {
        val authToken = UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
            loginRequest.username, loginRequest.password
        )
        val auth: Authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(authToken)
        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().authentication = auth

        val tokenDto: TokenDTO = jweUtil.generateToken(auth)
        val cookie: ResponseCookie = CookieUtils.createAccessTokenCookie(tokenDto)

        return ResponseEntity.ok()
            .header(HttpHeaders.SET_COOKIE, cookie.toString())
            .body(tokenDto)
    }
}
JAVAHelloController.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.controller;

import org.springframework.security.core.annotation.AuthenticationPrincipal;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.Jwt;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import static io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.SecurityUtils.AUTHORITIES_KEY;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/hello")
public class HelloController {

    @GetMapping
    public String helloAll(@AuthenticationPrincipal Jwt jwt) {
        String user = jwt.getSubject();
        var roles = jwt.getClaimAsStringList(AUTHORITIES_KEY);
        return "Hello, " + user + "! Your roles: " + roles;
    }

    @GetMapping("/admin")
    public String helloAdmin(@AuthenticationPrincipal Jwt jwt) {
        return "Hello Admin, " + jwt.getSubject() + "!";
    }
}
KOTLINHelloController.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.controller

import org.springframework.security.core.annotation.AuthenticationPrincipal
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.Jwt
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*

import io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.security.SecurityUtils.AUTHORITIES_KEY

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/hello")
class HelloController {

    @GetMapping
    fun helloAll(@AuthenticationPrincipal jwt: Jwt): String {
        val user = jwt.subject
        val roles = jwt.getClaimAsStringList(AUTHORITIES_KEY)
        return "Hello, \$user! Your roles: \$roles"
    }

    @GetMapping("/admin")
    fun helloAdmin(@AuthenticationPrincipal jwt: Jwt): String {
        return "Hello Admin, \${jwt.subject}!"
    }
}
JAVALoginRequestDTO.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.dto;

public record LoginRequestDTO(
    String username,
    String password
) { }
KOTLINLoginRequestDTO.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.dto

data class LoginRequestDTO(
    val username: String,
    val password: String
)
JAVATokenDTO.java
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.dto;

public record TokenDTO(
    String accessToken,
    String tokenType,
    long accessTokenExpiresIn
) {}
KOTLINTokenDTO.kt
package io.github.susimsek.springbootjweauthjpademo.dto

import kotlin.Long

data class TokenDTO(
    val accessToken: String,
    val tokenType: String,
    val accessTokenExpiresIn: Long
)